Life cycle assessment for enhanced Re-liquefaction systems applied to LNG carriers; effectiveness of partial Re-liquefaction system

The marine industry has been striving to seek for proper strategies curb air emissions from global shipping activities. To support the transition sustainable shipping, this paper was proposed evaluate holistic environmental benefits of LNG partial re-liquefaction system applied carriers by comparing among five different combination/configuration systems. theory life cycle assessment employed with help a commercial software, Sphera GaBi version 2019 quantify magnitude various under stages systems: manufacturing, installation, use and recycling. A case study implemented 174,200 m3 carrier input data analysis collected true-to-life sources provided manufacturers ship operators. electric consumption systems were calculated means Aspen HYSYS software. range 1.23 1.64 kWh/kg estimated used as key parameters confirm onboard electricity demands at phase results revealed that had considerable effects on reduction in emission levels across following impact categories: Global Warming Potential, Particulate Matter, Photochemical Ozone Creation Eutrophication Potential Acidification Potential. An optimal option which adopted found release 4.49 × 108 kg CO2 eq. 1.25 106 PM2.5 7.16 NMVOC 2.46 N 1.13 107 SO2 its lifetime, roughly equivalent 25% reductions compared rest candidates principle not applied. Lastly, it clearly presents effectiveness assessment. This research, particularly, suggests approach should be underused resolving innumerable maritime issues appear unsolvable current practices industry.